Klaus J. Kohler, Benno Peters, Thomas Wesener.
Phonetic Exponents of Disfluency in German Spontaneous Speech.

1. Phonetic cues at false starts and truncations

Glottal stop

ja , aber da w=/- ja<Z>
`yes, but then * - yes'
(g195a014, speaker SAR)

Glottalization

dann<Z> +/fa=/+ machen wir das [um<Z> achtzehn <:<#> Uhr:>]
`let's begi* - do it at 6 pm, then'
(g192a018, speaker KAE)

+/ku=/+ die Woche<Z>
`* - the week'
(g141a001, speaker S0K)

Tight voice

+/lass<Z>=/+ <Geräusch> lassen Sie uns [das so machen]
`let's - let's do it like that'
(g143a008, speaker SOK)

Pause / breathing

ich könnte höchstens<Z>/- <A> also gut wäre [vielleicht Anfang November]
`The best I could do is - the beginning of November might be good'
(g191a038, speaker SAR)

Hesitational lengthening

das +/is<Z>=/+ freut mich, daß [Ihnen das paßt]
`that's - I'm pleased that it suits you'
(g097a003, speaker ANS)

No interruption

[w<Z>ir müßten] versuchen/- vielleicht finden wir [noch einen andern Termin]
`we should try - maybe we can find another time'
(g255a006, speaker WEM)

+/am Donn=/+ an einem Donnerstag
`on Thur= on a Thursday'
(g121a020, speaker OLV)

2. Phonetic cues at terminal falls

Laryngealization

[am Besprechungstermin] des vierten Oktober
`for the appointment on the fourth of October'
(g093a012, speaker ANS)

Modal voice

Montag, der achte November
`Monday, the eigth of November'
(g071a001, speaker HAH)

Legend

/-	word-external truncation
=/-	word-internal truncation
=/+	word-internal false start
<P>	pause
<A>	breathing
<Z>	hesitational lengthening
<Geräusch>	articulatory noise
<#>	non-articulatory noise
<: :>	overlap
[ ]	part of the utterance left out in the figure

Klaus J. Kohler, Benno Peters, Thomas Wesener. Phonetic Exponents of Disfluency in German Spontaneous Speech.

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